The Value Of Human Resources - 1780 Words

Introduction The importance of human resources over the last decade or so has received immense attention. From a macro-level, endogenous theories of growth have recommended that the accumulation of what is also referred to as human capital constitutes the core engine of the growth of macro-economics. On the micro-economic side, resource-based theory looks at the human capital that employees provide as a primary cradle for competitive advantage for companies. Nonetheless, as a result of the growing importance of human capital and which is largely related to information and communication technologies’ growth, modern western economic are today describes as being knowledge-based economies (Proefschrift, 2003, p.1). Human resources has also had its share of criticism. With resources being at the core of organizations, weaknesses emerge in that the possibility to adapt human resources strategies is largely limited. There becomes the risk of competition between programs or departments for human resources, making human resources as a role become diluted (Talwar, 2006, p. 137). The Value of Human Resources Departments as a Strategic Partner Many senior leaders do not understand the potential value that HR departments can contribute to their organizations. It is vital for these senior leaders to view the human resource departments in their organizations as a strategic partner. In as much as many human resources functions have in the recent past started to play a strategic part in theShow MoreRelatedThe Value Of Human Resources2362 Words   |  10 PagesThe Value of Human Resources Many companies are comprised of various departments within, all responsible for their own particular area of expertise. For instance, the individuals that make up Accounts Payable is responsible for ensuring that the â€Å"bills† get paid, Accounts Receivable is responsible for collecting money, etc. One of the departments that seems to at times get slightly overlooked is the Human Resources department, which is odd given the important and valuable role that the individualsRead MoreA Human Resources Value Analysis1398 Words   |  6 PagesA Human Resources Value Analysis of Canada’s Top 100 Employers, Best Employers in Canada, and The Queen’s Competition This human resources study will recommend two of the largest promotional competitions for business rankings found in Canada’s Top 100 Employers and Best Employers in Canada. These competitions define the most efficient workplace environment, which produce the most productive and efficient corporate communities. The one important aspect of Canada’s Top 100 Employers defines the mostRead MoreTeamwork And The Value Of Human Resources1350 Words   |  6 Pagesproject I have taken away several key lessons on both teamwork and the value of human resources. My team established a rhythm and stayed consistent and through this everyone on our team was held accountable for meeting deadlines. In this way, teamwork is valuable because it prevents procrastination. Teamwork also builds comradery and strengthens culture. Prior to taking this course, I had very limited knowledge on the business value of the HR function. This project taught me that the HR function helpsRead MoreCreatin g Value With Metrics For Human Resources1815 Words   |  8 PagesCreating Value with Metrics Traditional approaches to human resources metrics have proven to be inadequate. Businesses have been measuring and reporting on the same data for the last two decades or more, i.e., turnover rates, costs per hire, FTE, and total compensation, but still have â€Å"an inability to directly measure HR’s impact on the bottom line† (DiBernardino, 2011, p. 45). With advances in technology, the rudimentary evaluation of metrics can be expanded to more broad categories, and acrossRead MoreThe Value of Human Resources for Companies Essay672 Words   |  3 Pages The strategic value of Human Resources is only gaining significantly and HRIS must support this trend to provide the high functionality and usability. Today, most of the companies make use of some form of HR system for many of the HR functions. With an HRIS, companies can align HR strategy with business objectives to get the most of out of their workforces and adapt quickly to market changes. A good vendor should share advice and best practices to help maximize a system. However, there may beRead MoreHuman resource practice enhance value chain1160 Words   |  5 PagesHow might exemplary human resource practice enhance and strengthen a firms value chain activities? 1. Definition of Value Chain The value chain is a systematic approach to examining the development of competitive advantage. It was created by M. E. Porter in his book, Competitive Advantage (1980). The organization is split into primary activities and support activities. Primary Activities include: Inbound Logistics, Operations, Outbound Logistics, Marketing Sales, and Service. Support ActivitiesRead MoreHuman Resource Management : An Organization Mission, Vision, And Values2926 Words   |  12 Pagesimportant goal as a generalist is to help HR management to understand how global business operations works with hiring overseas. The challenges of human resources management and the factors to consider when evaluating the essences of Human Resources Management (HRM). Strategies in Human Resources planning of an organization Mission, Vision, and Values. However, training and development competency assessment for a managerial position and evaluating the four criterion of a training programs. The performanceRead Mor eHuman Resource Management And Human Resources1243 Words   |  5 Pages Human resource management Introduction As storey (2001) explains that human resource management concept is typical approach to business which quest to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic disposition of dedicated and committed human work force using array of values, culture, personnel and structural techniques. In simple word Human resource denotes to employees that help to run and drives an organisation which is also the main workforce of any organisationRead MoreHuman Resources : A Fundamental Department Of An Organization913 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources is a fundamental department of an organisation; this is because it focuses on the management of the personnel within the company. Human resources has been identified as ‘the source of sustainable competitive advantage and success, this is true when human resources management policies and practices are implemented with the main strategies and objectives set by the company itself. Strategic human resources management emphasises the successful ness of combining policies, strategies andRead MoreThe Value Of The Rugby Players1179 Words   |  5 PagesIn this case, it states the difference regarding accounting treatments of the value of the rugby players in the financial statements. One treatment is to take human resource accounting method to treat the rugby stars as assets in the statement of financial position. The other one is to treat them as expenses. Both methods have their own merits and drawbacks. This report aims to analysis the above two different treatments and assess whether the accounting treatment will change after analysis the AASB

Essay about The Influence of Religion on Scientific...

Religion is an intricate part of society. It has existed since the beginning of civilization and continues expanding today. This physical organization of personal beliefs has created wars and revolutions; nations and constitutions. In a subject as controversial as that of faith, it is often difficult to discern if it has benefitted humanity. One especially relevant issue today is religion’s influence on science. Throughout history, it is evident that religious movements have occasionally impeded scientific discovery; however, there is also evidence that scientific progression has been aided by religious ideology. By examining both the negative and positive roles religion has played in history, modern times, and the overall area of†¦show more content†¦Science cannot advance if people cannot discover. Conversely, one can infer from the perspective of Galileo that religion encourages science. Although it was a religious faction that prevented him from sharing his discoveries, it was curiosity driven from his own personal faith that encouraged him to study the cosmos. He is not the only scientist with this reasoning. Scientists like Sir Francis Bacon, Sir Isaac Newton, Johannes Kepler and Max Planck all used religion as a basis to study the natural world. The â€Å"Father of Chemistry† Robert Boyle even wrote a book titled The Christian Virtuoso, advocating his belief that the universe was designed by a supreme creator. His thoughts can be summarized in this quote from his book: â€Å"And the more wonderful things he discovers in the Works of Nature, the more auxiliary Proofs he meets with to establish and enforce the Argument, drawn from the Universe and its Parts, to evince That there is a God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This type of ideology indicates that religion as a whole does not discourage discovery, but actually encourages it. It could also be concluded that it was narrow-mindedness of the Catholic Church toward one ideal that hurt scientific advancement. Religion still influences science in modern times. For example, the subject of creation versus evolution has become a point of controversy in the area of education (which is the foundation of science). To give someShow MoreRelatedThe Scientific Revolution and Its Impact1291 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the Scientific Revolution, scientists and natural philosophers created a new scientific world by questioning popular ideas and constructing original models. During the 1500s and 1600s, the concept of individualism, the principle of being independent and self-reliant, began to be applied to one’s life. People began to have individual thoughts and started to disagree with commonly believed ideas promoted by the Church. As this way of thinking expanded throughout Europe, scientists lookedRead MoreTheories On The Existence Of Religion1058 Words   |  5 PagesRemi Gleich Moen 4063 December 15th, 2016 Theories on the Existence of Religion When an idea forms and flourishes into an existing discussion that travels through conversations among acquaintances, that idea progresses and solidifies into the minds of the curious thinkers. These â€Å"thinkers†, or theorists, then mold this idea into a hypothesis for experimentation. Unfortunately, even in modern times, some things are still unable to be experimented and proven correct or incorrect. This leaves usRead MoreA Brief Biography of Sir Francis Bacon Essay1409 Words   |  6 Pagesindustrial age, and his theories had a major influence on 17th-century European science. Francis Bacon’s opinion on the correlation between religion and science, his way of thinking towards reason and experience, and his views and impacts on the importance of education were his main contributions towards humanity and the theories of philosophy. Francis Bacon sought to idealize the connection amongst scientific thinking and religious values. Bacon’s The Advancement of Learning helped to convince religiousRead MoreMoral Arc Opinion By Shermer Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pageswhen the decrease in religion occurs, that there will be an opposite increase in rationality and morality. From my understanding, rationality and morality do not go hand in hand. As a child, I was looked after by family members that were very religious and militaristic. Having such a high sense in religion, it set the pace for their actions. Their belief in a higher power altered their personalities and perceptions of reality. From a moral status of right and wrong, religion makes sense in to sinRead MoreThe New Atlantis Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesThe island Bensalem is unlike any other in terms of societal advancement, however, with strict laws to follow. Power within the leaders is needed to create and mandate the laws on Bensalem. The story illustrates three different types of leaders with that power: religion, government, and scientists. While all three are relevant, scientists and religious leaders are the two magnified throughout The New Atlantis. The impact of scientific research on medicine and farming improved the way of life andRead MoreThe Enlightenment Puritanism Essay807 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieved which was a belief of strong rational religion and morality. Enlightened society believed that the use of reason would be a catalyst of social change and had a demand of political representation thus resulting in a time in history where individualism was widely accepted amongst the new world. Puritan society believed strongly in myth, magic, and religious superstitions that was immensely used by the Puritans before democracy, capitalism, and the scientific revolution gave rise from the EnlightenmentRead MoreThe Medieval period started at the fifth century and end around the fourteenth century. Many900 Words   |  4 Pageschurch became very powerful and dictated peoples live through religion. During this time period, Kings and Queens while working alongside Christianity, gave society the worldview of feudalism. Due to f eudalism and fear of sinning against the church, human civilization had hit a roadblock and made no new discoveries in scientific advancements and technology. Humanism broke most of the chains from the medieval period regarding church influences on works of art and literature. Through the church’s dictatorshipRead MoreSummary And Critique Of Bush s Arguments1437 Words   |  6 PagesSouthern Baptist Theological Seminary, presents a worldview labelled â€Å"the advancement†, a naturalistic evolutionary view that better describes the philosophical era through which we are passing (ix). The author describes the origin and consequences of naturalistic philosophy over a theistic worldview and challenges Christians to defend and protect their religious rights (4). Bush presents how advancement has been detrimental to religion throughout history and points out the flaws of naturalism, classifyingRead MoreThe Impact of the Scientific Revolution Upon the Enlightenment 975 Words   |  4 Pagesintellectual changes in Europe that had resulted from the scientific revolution during the sixteenth and seventeenth century. The scientific revolution and the discoveries made about the natural world would ultimately challenge the way people perceived the worl d around them. Scientist found real answers, by questioning flawed ancient beliefs that were widely held and maintained by the church. Ultimately, these discoveries and scientific advancements would evolve and effect social, cultural, and politicalRead MoreThe Ethical Implications Of Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy1399 Words   |  6 Pages The advancement of embryonic stem cell therapies and transplants has drastically changed the realm of medical research. However, the use of human embryos is an ethical concern among researchers around the world. There are several benefits for embryonic stem cells therapy. Embryonic stem cells are beneficial to researchers due to their unique ability to replicate themselves and make specialized cells for any tissue in the body. These cells serve as a potential to cure various diseases and disabilities

Management of Organization TESCO

Question: Discuss about theManagement of Organizationfor TESCO. Answer: Introduction: Employees are one of the most significant parts for achieving the success of any organization. Maintaining superior quality of products and providing fruitful services to the customers are highly dependent on employee performance. It has been observed that a large number of business organizations tend to show their biased attitude while recruiting employees towards business process. Biased attitude may imply in terms of gender biasness or cultural and religious biasness. However, this particular study focuses to evaluate the importance of diverse workforce at the organization. Various types of diversity management strategy have also been focused to be presented in this specific study. Brief Overview of the Organization: TESCO is primarily popular for one of the most recognizable supermarket holding a prestigious position in the realm of retail industry. This particular organization has expanded their business in the market of Singapore as well to deliver their products and services to the customers of Singapore. Grocery and general merchandise is the core product of TESCO. Under the chief leadership of Dave Lewis, this particular organization has already created a demand in the market of Singapore even due to its excellent customer service system. Affordable price range is one of the most effective reasons due to which this particular organization has already drawn the attention of global customers. Around 476,000 employees are intimately associated within the business process of TESCO (tesco.com 2017). TESCO Plc is possessed with around 26,000 employees. Cultural diversity is one of the most important factors due to which the business process of this organization had reached to the international ma rket. Before achieving the stature of global recognition, this particular organization has to implement some major strategies and policies on diversity management for recruiting the skillful and competent employees within business. The establishment of business process of TESCO is endowed with multinational countries. Therefore, the business experts are flexible enough to recruit the people of different religious and cultural backgrounds. As per the human resource management policy, it has been observed that people are recruited within the organization as per their talent, skill and academic background. Gender inequity and cultural biasness prevents a business organization from being globally recognized. Therefore, the business experts of TESCO have decided to maintain equality among the employees. Characteristics of Workforce and Types of Diversity at the Workplace: TESCO while recruiting an individual employee at the workplace primarily focuses to have three major characteristics within the workforce. The first and foremost characteristics that TESCO intends to focus while recruiting an employee is skill of adoptability. While working with the people of different cultures and backgrounds, an individual employee has to face innumerable challenges at workplace (Lauring 2013). Therefore, every individual employee should have the capability of adopt any kind of culture. Academic skill is one of the most significant factors that the business experts of TESCO tend to make a major concern while recruiting an employee. For an example, before providing the post of finance executive, the human resource manager intends to give the scope to that individual who is having a management degree in finance (Nielsen and Nielsen 2013). At last, TESCO likes to appoint those employees who are having an excellent management skill to overcome any kind of sudden barrie r or challenge. This particular organization is constituted with three major types of diversity at their workplace that includes age diversity, Religious diversity and cultural diversity. AS per the policy of HR manager, the young fresh candidates are appointed as junior. Most of the young candidates are having minimum experience (Barak 2016). As a result, the business experts do not provide them to hold the position of seniors. On the other hand, the management policy of TESCO implies that senior employees should be promoted for the post of manager after having more than ten years experience. It is undeniable that people from various religious backgrounds are firmly associated with the business process of TESCO. The primary objective of HR manager is to concentrate on the capability of employees rather than showing their religious backgrounds (Klein, Becker and Meyer 2012). Like the same way, people of various cultures are also appointed within the business process TESCO. As a result, before formin g business strategy and policy the business managers get the scope to receive collective decision from the employees of many religious and cultural attitudes. Types of Diversity Management Strategy Implemented at the Workplace: Implementation of diversity management at the workplace is highly important to gain international image and reputation for a business organization. In order to achieve recognition in the global market, TESCO business experts have decided to follow diversity management at the workplace so that applicants from various backgrounds can apply for several posts within the organization. At the same time, diversity management enables the business experts to provide equal priority and response to both male and female employees (Gotsis and Kortezi 2013). However, in order to implement diversity management at the workplace, TESCO business experts have to follow some necessary strategy at the workplace. Providing equal reorganization and dignity to all employees is one of the most effective strategies. Employees should be judged as per their talents and skills rather than their psychological and cultural attitudes (Al Ariss, Cascio and Paauwe 2014). Fairness is another strategy of maintaining di versity management at the workplace. Business managers should treat every individual employee at the workplace with equal respect. Therefore, employees also would like to show their gratitude towards organizational service process. The foremost strategy of implementing diversity management at the workplace of TESCO includes employee assessment (Hislop 2013). The HR managers like to recruit the employees by taking an assessment rather than entertaining any special recommendation on behalf of old employees. Therefore, skillful and talented employees get opportunity to excel their competencies. Conclusion: The entire study focuses to deal with the various aspects of diversity management within the business organization. Diversity at the workplace is highly important with the help of which people from different cultures and religions get scope to show their skills as well as competencies. This specific study highlights the various types of diversities at has been implemented at the workplace of TESCO Singapore. At the same time, the study depicts numerous diversity management strategies and policies applied within the organization. Reference List: Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., 2014. Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. Barak, M.E.M., 2016.Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Gotsis, G. and Kortezi, Z., 2013. Ethical paradigms as potential foundations of diversity management initiatives in business organizations.Journal of Organizational Change Management,26(6), pp.948-976. Hislop, D., 2013.Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Klein, H.J., Becker, T.E. and Meyer, J.P. eds., 2012.Commitment in organizations: Accumulated wisdom and new directions. Routledge. Lauring, J., 2013. International diversity management: Global ideals and local responses.British Journal of Management,24(2), pp.211-224. Nielsen, B.B. and Nielsen, S., 2013. Top management team nationality diversity and firm performance: A multilevel study.Strategic Management Journal,34(3), pp.373-382. Tesco.com. 2017.Tesco | Online Groceries, Homeware, Electricals Clothing. [online] Available at: https://www.tesco.com [Accessed 26 Feb. 2017].

Professional School Counselor Personal Experience Essay Example

Professional School Counselor: Personal Experience Essay As Maria’s professional school counselor, how would you assist her with issues that have personal, emotional, developmental, cultural, and spiritual/religious ramifications? ? Specifically identify strategies, programs, and practices that advocate for social justice and academic success for Maria. ? Â  Identify how you would use collaboration and consultation to work with students, teachers, parents, and community agencies to reduce the recent increase in teenage pregnancy at your school. Briefly, compare and contrast the three models of consultation presented in the Erford text , and identify the model that you would apply it to address the issue of teenage pregnancy in your school and why? ? What are the ethical and legal considerations in this case? As Maria’s professional school counselor, I would assist her with her issues with various ramifications by having one-on-one counseling sessions to learn more about her, her culture, her worldview, and her current decisi on making process.I understand that she may be having a hard time dealing with the obstacles life has put in her path by being pregnant, losing her parents, being new to the U. S. and school, and not knowing what decisions she will make. After getting to know Maria better, I would counsel based on the information I gathered from her, along with the help of various resources to help her deal with the issues we addressed. A strategy that could advocate for social justice and academic success for Maria would be using a scientific approach as proposed by Sue (1998).I would start by forming a hypothesis about Maria. I would then do dynamic sizing, which in this situation I definitely would want to exclusively work with Maria. This is important because it helps me to not stereotype Maria and embrace her culture at the same time. Lastly, I would do research on Maria’s culture and consult with a colleague who may have the same culture, or is bilingual to help make the process smoothe r. I would look into getting her into and ESL class as soon as possible to ensure I am advocating for the successful completion of high school against the odds that Maria face.The recent increase in teenage pregnancy is definitely an issue I would like to address. Through collaboration and consultation with parents, teachers, and the community, I would propose having assemblies twice a year on teenage pregnancy and premarital sex and the risks the student is taking. I would get with the health department and see if I could get a nurse to lead the program and become the guest speaker as well provide alternate means of protection when it comes to sex.I am aware that I would not be able to change the decision of whether or not the students have sex, but I would be sure that they are well educated on the consequences and repercussions of the act. The assembly would be scheduled where the female and male students attended separately so there would not be any discomfort. The assembly woul d be mandatory. The three models of consultation in the Erford text is triadic-dependent model, the collaborative-dependent model, and the collaborative-interdependent model.The triadic-dependent model is based on a consultee, a helpgiver, and the focus of concern, which is the client. In this model, the consultant provides services indirectly to the client through the consultant’s work with the consultee. The counselor works in direct contact with the student (223). The collaborative-dependent model is the consultant engages the knowledge and expertise of the consultee regarding the student’s and the system’s strengths and weaknesses, the contextual factors that influence the student, and the student’s reactions to previous interventions (p. 27). The collaborative-interdependent model emphasizes an interdependent problem-solving process in which family members, educators, counselors, youth, and members of the broader community contribute as equal partici pants (p. 228). Triadic-dependent and collaborative-dependent consultation models are helpful when seeking change for an individual client or family or for a single organizational system related to normal development problems. The collaborative-interdependent is used for problems that are more complex.I would use the collaborative-interdependent model when it comes to addressing the teenage pregnancy in my school because this gives the students a wealth of professional and community members that they are able to seek help from that goes beyond the schoolhouse and home. Ethic and legal considerations for this case with Maria would definitely be confidentiality. I would have to find who her legal guardian is because I would try to get her to let them know she is pregnant if she had not already.I would also need to make sure she is getting the correct medical attention and vitamins that she needs while she is pregnant. I would not push the issue of citizenship, but if she addresses it, we would look into the situation to ensure that there are no issues when it comes to delivering her child. Reference Erford, B. (2011). Transforming the school counseling profession. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Review of the American Revolutionary War essays

Review of the American Revolutionary War essays The events leading to the American Revolution began as soon as the English settlers set foot in Northern America and lasted for about one and one-half centuries. When America was discovered and settled by the English, there was no "set" way of governing these colonies. The King and the British Parliament created the laws. Some colonies were governed themselves; others were governed by officials of the King. The parliament passed laws taking care of England's interest, and not the colonies' interest. The British wanted control over the colonies, and would not allow them government representation, for the British believed the colonies were sufficiently represented. The colonies did not want the British in control; therefore, they put into place their laws and ignored the British laws. Tension then grew between the British and the colonies. The American Revolution begins with the taxation of the American colonies to pay for French and Indian War or sometimes called the Seven-Year War . The British fought the French and the Indian nations in the colonies. After the British victory, Britain had a large debt to pay. The debt was approximately 140 million pounds. It was Prime Minister George Grenville, secretary of Treasury in England, came up with an idea to pay this debt; however, the colonists would not be very happy. To pay this debt, Grenville suggested they impose taxes on the colonies. He insisted that the war had been fought to protect their land; therefore, they should give a little relief. Because of this debt, the Navigation Act was to be enforced, and many more acts were to follow. The chief provisions of the Navigation Acts were that no goods, grown or manufactured, in Asia, Africa, or America should be transported to England except in English vessels; and that the goods of any European country imported into England must be brought in British vessels, or in vessels of the country producing them. The Navigation Acts were ac...

Patient education and prevention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Patient education and prevention - Essay Example One of the important strategies for prevention of acute exacerbations in a COPD patient like James is regular physiotherapy. It is very important for the nurse to educate the patient about the importance of physiotherapy because; education enhances active participation in health care, increases coping skills, enhances the understanding of the disease, assists in self-management and increases adherence to treatment plan (Neish and Hopp, 1988). According to the NICE guidelines (2004), physiotherapy must be instituted to reduce work of breathing associated with COPD, to restore the maximum function of the patient and to improve respiratory and peripheral muscle weakness. There are many techniques in physiotherapy which help to manage breathlessness. Positioning of body, control of breathing, chest clearance, exercise training and chest physiotherapy are some of the methods which are commonly employed to reduce breathlessness in COPD patients. Breathing control techniques also help the p atient cope with breathlessness. Adaptation of certain positions decreases oxygen consumption of the body and also increases ventilation-perfusion of the lungs, thus decreasing breathlessness. Patients must be advised to choose a position that makes them feel comfortable. While adopting such a position, the arms must be relaxed and supported.

FISH TRANSPORT DESIGN Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

FISH TRANSPORT DESIGN - Assignment Example This investigation is aimed at delineating criteria to transport fish followed by three concept level models. These models will be evaluated against the delineated criteria and the most suitable model will be chosen to transport fish over long distances. The business viability of the chosen model will be evaluated in terms of investment and operational costs to help fish owners and transporters decide if they wish to install such a system. NUMBERS OF FISH AND TIME FOR TRANSPORT The current problem clearly states that fish will have to be transported in numbers between 5 and 200 and that the fish can stay on the road for up to 2 days. The most expensive fish in the lot is the Koi Carp. The Koi Carp is potentially a very sensitive fish and needs to be cared for excessively. For the purpose of this investigation, the baseline of water quality will be taken as that for the Koi Carp. If the water quality for the Koi Carp falls below certain constrained levels, then a major loss or failure will be assumed. Constraint 1 maximum transportation time will be 2 days (48 hours) As mentioned before, the baseline will be taken for Koi Carp. Thus aeration constraints will be developed along the lines for the Koi Carp. The density of Koi Carps should be kept at 80 cm length of fish for every 1 m3 volume. (Koi Carps, 2009) The average size of the Koi Carp is between 24 and 36 inches. If these values are averaged, the size of an average Koi Carp comes out to be 30 inches (76.2 cm). (Davis, 2011) Constraint 2 ? fish density based on average size 76.2 cm Water Quality The largest problem in maintaining healthy fish is the dissolved oxygen level. Any variations in the oxygen level can spell disaster for fish especially if the oxygen levels are not replenished after half an hour to acceptable levels. (FAO, 2011) Any and all factors that affect dissolved oxygen levels in water must be considered and dealt with accordingly. Generally the aeration system is constrained by: efficiency of the aeration system; transport duration; temperature of water; fish size; fish speci es. It is essential that the water used to house fish is kept clear. Any turbidity should be avoided and filters should be installed in the system to remove any particulate matter. Constraint 3 ? turbidity clarity Moreover, the pH level must be checked regularly to ensure that it keeps around 7. The acceptable pH levels for housing fish are 6 to 8.5. Constraint 4 ? pH level average at 7 Water temperature has a direct bearing on the amount of oxygen dissolved in water. Oxygen solubility in water decreases exponentially as the temperature of water increases. Therefore, if the water temperature rises significantly as the fish are being transported, the oxygen levels in water will suffer significantly. (Engineering Toolbox, 2011a) The variations of oxygen levels with water temperature are graphed in Appendix A. Constraint 5 ? water temperature should not vary significantly Moreover, the oxygen content of the water needs to be checked regularly to ensure that it does not fall below the d esignated threshold of 5 mg / litre. The variation in oxygen levels is between 8 and 9 mg / litre. Constraint 6 ? oxygen levels in water averaged at 5 mg / litre Moreover, the water quality should be maintained within the constraints listed above and no value should be allowed