Indonesia and its relationship with refugees

Photography in Sebald essays

Photography in Sebald essays The art of photography is an important element in W.G. Seabald's novel The Emigrants. The use of photographs is an essential source of support for the main theme in the novel which deals with memories. The implementation of the various photographs in the novel show that Sebald does not take his readers imagination for granted. Sebald presents his readers with images, so that they are able to experience his descriptions of certain events first hand. Although many of the photographs seem almost unimportant to the story, they serve the purpose of showing the reader how simple images can awaken unwanted memories. The Emigrants is a novel that gives the impression of reading someone's personal memoirs; the use of photography also contributes to this feeling because it helps to connect fiction with the feeling of actual accounts of history. Firstly, Sebald's use of photographs indicates that he does not take his readers' imaginations for granted, therefore he provides them with pictures in order to make sure that they obtain the proper images that he wants them to. Sebald is not sure that people will remember the descriptions that he has accounted in the novel and feels that if the readers are given visual images, they are more likely to remember what is being said in the novel. There is a line in the novel where the narrator is talking about Ferber's ability to observe and remember faces; the narrator states, "whereas I for my part could never manage to picture those not present at any given moment" (Sebald, 163). Although the photographs are used for much more than simply a visual tactic for memorization, one can see through this quote that Sebald's own insecurities with his memory are part of the reason behind the photographs in the novel. The incorporation of these images are a way for Sebald to make the images accessible to the readers so they do not have trouble picturing them as the narrator does. ...

Foodmart, Inc. Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foodmart, Inc. - Research Paper Example Contractual capacity is an important element of a contract. Thus an insane, bankrupt or a person not of legal age cannot make a valid contract. In this case if Jeremy was not of legal age yet, then the contract was invalid and a Smooth Sales Used car has no legal claim for breach of contract. The only remedy for the car seller lies in equity which comes in to cure the hostility of the common law of contract. An equitable remedy would require Jeremy to give back the car and also forfeit the sums paid as he had already used the car. There is no legal remedy for the breach of contract as the lack of capacity makes the contract void. If Jeremy never returned the car out of his own volition then it would be hard for the car seller to claim breach of contract. The most important elements of a contract are offer and acceptance. In this scenario the question is whether a contract can be implied on the basis of the promise that Brian made to harry. The common law doctrine of promissory estoppel operates to imply existence of a contract in this scenario. Promissory estoppel comes to existence where a person by his word makes a representation which is relied on by the other part to his or her detriment. In such a case the maker of the stamen is precluded from denying what he represented. In this case Brian represented to harry that he would sell the trains to him. Harry acted on this representation to his detriment as he borrowed money from his aunt to build a room for the trains. Thus in this case the doctrine of promissory estoppel operates to preclude Brian from denying the existence of a contract to sell the trains to Harry. The most important element of promissory estoppel is that the other person has to rely on the representation and suf fer harm because he acted on the representation. These two requirements have been fulfilled in this case. The question here is whether there was a contract between

Influence about Hungarian folk music in Liszt rhapsody no.2 Research Paper

Influence about Hungarian folk music in Liszt rhapsody no.2 - Research Paper Example The first Hungarian creations of Liszt were made during his stay in Vienna and Paris, yet these works, specifically the two movements of Zum Andenken, are anything but thoughtful compositions (Arnold 18). Besides the record of a Hungarian-influenced Schubert tune, Liszt was unable to give much attention to the music of his native land until his homecoming as an adult (Gervers 385). Liszt’s return to his homeland in 1839-1840 was vital to the development of his personal musical technique. In spite of his German roots, embraced French traditions, and mother tongue, Liszt had not stopped to proclaim himself a Hungarian (Loya 28). It was in the course of these visits, famous as the revered national champion of romantic nationalism at a time of Hungary’s fight for cultural and national autonomy, that he started to return to his Hungarian origins with more fervent sentiments. The early portrayals of the national music of Hungary that Liszt was not able to forget eventually became more meaningful to him than sheer oddity. This form of distinctive national music at its peak at the moment was certainly not folk music, but an expression of global ancestry. Zoltan Kodaly and Bela Bartok would uncover the early Hungarian peasant music much later in the first half of the 20th century (Walker 54). The national music had emerged from an enlisting music, or verb unkos, that had thrived since the latter part of the 18th century (Gervers 386). This paper discusses the influence of Hungarian folk music on Liszt’s rhapsody no. 2 or, generally, on his Hungarian rhapsodies. Simply numerous, roughly the same tunes, are the prerequisite components of folk music. An example of this folk music is the Hungarian village’s music. Those who are slightly familiar with contemporary Hungarian village melodies are aware that their songs have obvious resemblance in relation to structure and cadence. The two major classifications of Hungarian village

American Indian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Indian - Essay Example We do not want to hear what that man has to say. Be seated.†(Pope) That sealed the fate of the Medicine Man, and he meekly obeyed the order without protest. The women of the house had powers to get rid of an abusive man and a man with negative traits. Social rules and regulations were so liberal and the author writes, â€Å"A woman shouldn’t be ostracized if she has a baby out of marriage.† (Pope)This shows how progressive the society was and as such I think this is a great article, that gives the true picture of women in the Indian Society and how forward looking it was. In the second article, â€Å"Writing and Art by North American Indian Women,† it is explained, with the advent of colonial powers, how the Indian Society suffered and their traditions and social structure were adversely affected. When Attakullakulla, Cherokee chief reached out to the whites to negotiate a treaty, his first question to the white delegation was, â€Å"Where are your women?†(Awiakta) Issues have changed much, and the advent of materialism has deteriorated the conditions of women in the society in real terms. The author laments and asks â€Å"I turn to my own time (1983). I look at the Congress, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission . . . at the hierarchies of my church, my university, my city, my children’s school. †¦.Where are your women?†(Awiakta) Even the U. S. Constitution does not include equal rights for women. Both the articles throw light on the gender equality, how women enjoyed great powers in the Indian Society, before the advent of colonial powers and how the powers and status of women were on the wane gradually. A woman is an economic unit now, not the important social and spiritual entity that she was once upon a

Developing a Moral Community with Limited Resources

Developing a Moral Community with Limited Resources Dwayne Potenteau During one of my experiences in hospital I was assigned to a nurse in Telemetry. The nurse (we will call her Susan) had been on shift for about an hour and was already working at a torrid pace. In addition to the clients she had to monitor which were 8 in total, the Rn was also assigned 6 patients to care for. Most of the clients were from ICU or had been assigned to her due to the overflow from the emergency department. One patient in particular (Mrs. Smith) had multiple symptoms starting with hepatic encephalitis with ascites and varices, diabetes, and had been admitted due to atrial fibrillation which had been downgraded to a controlled rate of atrial fibrillation when the nurse came on. The time needed to care for this complex client had to be somehow scheduled into the nurses’ duties to care for the clients on telemetry in conjunction with the other 5 clients. The new order for Mrs Smith had also been changed and a new large dose of 22 units of rapid and 42 units of NPH i nsulin had been modified by the physician. The nurse questioned the order and stated her concerns over the dosage but was told to administer and monitor the client. The dosage along with the limited amount of time to monitor the client posed a larger concern for developing hypoglycemia. The nurse then called in her manager stating the issues of providing care with limited time and nursing complex patients. The manager stated that the nurse just has to deal with it as there was no help available at this time. Reflecting on the experience I felt stressed and a little overwhelmed at the idea of being responsible for so many patients with little time, resources and support. I responded to the situation by providing some relational practice as this was a community experience and I could not actually do much but shadow the nurse. The nurse did not have the time or adequate support in staff to care for the clients other than their immediate urgent needs. The biggest ethical issue I had was determining how could a nurse fulfill their nursing duty to provide safe, compassionate competent care with limited resources. The rising costs of health care have increased the number of clients the nurses must care for and are under stress to keep costs down. As a future nurse, this means taking on a larger workload. When resources are low nurses face the problem of fulfilling the ethical responsibility of prioritizing care while trying to maintain a high professional standard of client centered care for all patients(Canadian Nurses Association[CNA], 2008). The other ethical concern is where do we go to express our concerns when issues such as limited resources prevent us from performing our ethical duties? The last is the amount and quality of care we give when our nursing values are compromised by limited resources. Rationing Care The aforementioned issue revolves around the allocation of resources also known as rationing of care. In nursing, rationing of care can be defined as the withdrawal of necessary components due to the lack of resources (Carryer, 2014; Tonnessen, Nortvedt, Forde, 2011).The reasons for rationing of resources for health care can be linked to 3 main levels. Societal where funding for health care is provided from the government, Institutional, where health authorities and agencies determine which programs receive funding, and individual where professionals determine how to treat individual clients (CNA, 2000). Nurses face the scarcity of resources on a daily basis. This type of infrastructure pressures have forced nurses to make ethical decisions such as distributive justice(Tonnessin et al. 2011). Tonnessin et al. (2011) states that distributive justice is the allocation of resources to those who need it most. The In order to decipher who receives care nurses often need to make these deci sions quickly and effectively. To make these decisions, nurses often call upon their own prioritize their clinical judgements. The hastened assessments and interventions increase the chance of reduced patient care outcomes (Papastravou, Andreou, Vryonides, 2014). The imbalance between time to care for the client and the stresses of limited resources leads to moral distress in deciding what is best for the client as the individual or community as client. Susan had shown that she was torn between serving all her clients and attending to the most critical. Corporate Influence Allocation Utilitarianism is defined as the benefit of the whole outweighs the benefits of the individual. By maximizing time allotted for in caring for the client, the nurse performs only the most necessary procedures. This process deviates from the individualistic care that is required in nursing. Reduction in time allocated for patients, reduced beds, and lengths of stay all lead to reduced care and capacity for choice in a client’s health (CNA, 2000). Part of the reason for the stresses can be linked to the health care system that determines allocation of resources. According to the CNA, corporate values and resulting policy are determine resource allocation through the ideology of economics and scarcity (CNA, 2000). The ideology revolves around the notion that economics and unattainable resources contribute to and justify limited resources for nurses(CNA, 2000). Urban (2014) furthers the corporate culture of scarcity by noting that nurses have come to accept the idea of reduced time , staff, and resources as part of their normal working environment. The fact that nurses had to work with inadequate resources while still being fiscally responsible and giving safe effective care had to has lead many nurses to a state of moral/ethical distress. Moral/Ethical Distress The concept of moral/ethical distress is changing. Even the Code of Ethics which is the governing body for assisting nurses in their decision making has modified over the years. According to the CNA the word â€Å"expectation† had been removed in the 2008 definition of ethical/moral distress (CNA, 2002). Although the definition encompasses what nurses feel when working with limited resources the removal of the word shows an acceptance of the changing culture. The actual definition for ethical/moral distress has changed so has the duty to â€Å"assist persons to achieve their optimum level of health in situations of normal health, illness, injury, or in the process of dying† (CNA, 1997, p.8). The removal of this component of nursing duty clearly shows the effects of limited resources. In particular the omission of the word â€Å"optimal† has been removed from the standards, and only found in the definition of global health (CNA, 2008). The removal of the word opti mal contradicts the actualization of limited beds for patients and bedside care. The contradiction can heighten the difference in how nurses have been educated in providing care and the care they actually give. The discrepancy in giving care due to limited resources leads directly to moral distress. The leading element of moral distress is the lack of time spent with the patient (CNA, 2000). Limited time leads to reduced care, opposing ethical values of how a patient ought to be treated. Moral Community for Nurses Moral Community is defined as a community where values are understood and used to guide ethical actions of the community (CNA, 2008). Although the actual issue of limited resources may not be directly addresses at the nursing level within a hospital, setting up a moral community in the department is a good first step. Nurses have knowledge in direct patient care and the education to determine what role and working environment they want to participate in. In order to address moral distress due to limited resources nurses need to work with their fellow nurses, managers, and policy makers to make these changes. Examples are nurses communicating on ethical issues through their unit and ethical committees in the hospital. Park notes that nurses tend to deal with ethical issues using their own beliefs and values rather than using ethical committees. In addition Kalish (2009) notes that repercussions on speaking about on ethical issues may deter nurses from participating in ethical discussi on or committees. To have the courage to face the stresses of the current nursing environment nurses must embrace moral courage. Moral courage is the ability of a nurse to remain loyal to their moral belief or principle when faced with fear or threats (CNA, 2008). The role of moral courage and ways to address ethical concerns, and moral ethical dilemmas can also be found in nursing associations such as ARNBC (Association of Registered Nurses of BC), and CRNBC (College of Registered Nurses of BC). Since 2005 CRNBC had moved from an association towards a regulatory body and in doing so, had left gaps in how nurses can communicate ethical issues such as limited resources. One of the resources that has been available since 2013 is ARNBC. ARNBC’s mandate to provide communication and act as a voice for the nurses of BC, and also work towards sustainable practices and support structures for nurses (ARNBC, 2015). Since 2005, nurses had no real place to communicate ethical issues such as limited resources and although they had the union, no real avenue to tackle the policy issues or to influence change in their community. In order to improve working conditions ARNBC can support nurses through inter collaboration, and supporting professional prac tice and advancement of the profession. Through these avenues, nurses now have a way to address their ethical concerns not solely focused on limited resources. Another avenue to address limited resources is through CRNBC. Through crnbc nurses can address the limited resources by defining the issue, communication, documentation, and intercollaboration. Defining the issue in the case with susan, claritfication on allocation of 6 patients which is more than the standard amount of patients. Nurses should communicate their problems with their managers and coordinators. Conclusion When providing patient care, observation to what is present and what is influencing nursing practice is crucial to improving overall care. Limited resources leads to rationing of care resulting in less bedside care for patients and presents and ethical dilemma in upholding our References Association of Registered Nurses of BC. (2015). Retrieved February 24, 2015, from http://www.arnbc.ca/about-us/about-us.php Burston, A., Tuckett, A. (2012). Moral distress in nursing: Contributing factors, outcomes, and interventions. Nursing ethics (20).3. 312 324 Canadian Nurses Association. (2008). Code of ethics for registered nurses. Retrieved from http://www.cna-aiic.ca/ CNA/documents/pdf/publications/Code_of_Ethics_2008_e.pdf Canadian Nurses Association. (2000). Working with limited resources: Nurses moral constraints. Ethics in practice. ISSN 1480 – 9990. Ottawa. ON Carryer, J. (2014) The consequences of rationing care. Kai tiaki nursing new Zealand. (20). 6 Kalisch., B. Landstrom., G. Hinshaw., A. (2009). Missed nursing care: A concept analysis. Journal of advanced nursing (65) 7, 1509 1517 Papastravou., E. Andreou., P. Vryonides., S. (2014). The hidden ethical element of nursing care rationing. Nursing ethics. (21) 5 583 – 593 Park, M. (2009). Ethical issues in nursing practice. Journal of nursing law. (13).3. 68 77 Tonnessin., S. Nortvdet., P. Forde., R. (2011). Rationing home based nursing care: Professional ethical implications. Nursing Ethics (18), 3. 386 – 396 Urban, A. (2014). Taken for granted: Normalizing nurses’ work in hospitals. Nursing inquiry. (21). 1. 69 78

Capital Punishment Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Death Penalty Ess

Capital Punishment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capital punishment is a very controversial issue, but it is a just penalty for murderers. Murderers forfeit their lives for taking the life of another. Capital punishment deters criminals from committing violet crimes. Incapacitating criminals is also another form of deterrence. The death penalty removes harmful criminals from society. In doing this, people can feel much safer knowing that there is one less criminal on the streets. The death penalty is also more economical than life without parole. Capital punishment is good for society, and should be used in a more timely manner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Punishment is used to decrease a person’s actions. The severity of the punishment depends on the severity of the crime. Capital punishment is not used to be cruel, but it is used to decrease a person’s actions. Capital punishment helps to decrease violent actions, and without it there would be nothing to decrease a person’s actions. Everyone who receives the death penalty must have committed a capital offense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is an important rule in the civil law to keep in mind. The rule is that the punishment should not exceed the crime. This means if someone were to steal a package of bubble gum, he or she should not be sentenced to death, but if someone went around killing people, then he or she should get the death penalty. I think that capital punishment should only be used for serious crimes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although there are many arguments that disagree with capit...